The sharks and the eagle rays belong to the class Chondrichthyes. They are among the aquatic organisms that are present in all sea and ocean basins of the world (tropical, temperate and Arctic and Antarctic regions) and even in fresh water rivers. The length of sharks varies from 20 cm to 20 meters. They live in various layers from surface water to deep water and in a wide range of coastal, marine and estuarine habitats as well as fresh water rivers. They are predators, carnivores and scavengers. There is a wide variety of different groups of fish, mollusks, crustaceans, cephalopods, echinoderms, birds and even mammals in their diet. In terms of reproduction, they are viviparous, oviparous and ovoviviparous. Although bony fish produce large numbers of eggs at each reproduction, most cartilaginous fish are viviparous and give birth to only a handful of live young at each reproduction. Even those who lay eggs lay only a few eggs at a time. As a result, shark (and eagle rays) populations grow at a slower rate than many other aquatic organisms. Therefore, overfishing can have a devastating effect on their population. Most people think of sharks as a major threat to humans at sea. However, it should be noted that only 20 species out of 346 species of sharks belonging to 25 identified families in the world are invasive and are on the list of dangerous marine animals. But so far, according to reports and documents related to their attack on humans, only 4 species of this list have been declared dangerous to humans. Based on the latest studies and research conducted by the academic member of the Iranian Fisheries Science and Research Institute and the member of the IUCN SSC Shark Specialist Group, so far, 180 species of 23 shark families have been identified and reported in the seas and bays of the northwestern Indian Ocean (FAO Fishing Area 51) and the presence of 30 species belonging to 12 families in the Persian Gulf, the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman has been confirmed. Regarding the possibility of the presence of other ocean species, it is necessary to provide more complete information in terms of geographical distribution and identification of the suspected species in the form of ichthyological research and studies. So the final list of sharks in the area seems to be longer. Meanwhile, the seas in the south of the country are a very suitable habitat for the presence of more than 15 % of all known species of cartilaginous fish (sharks and eagle rays) in the world. The crucial role of sharks in maintaining the ecological balance in the seas and the valuable place of these predators and carnivores in the sea's food chain is well known. Unfortunately, a significant number of its species are threatened mainly due to overfishing and non - standard fishing techniques. In other words, these species are threatened by fishing vessels using fake vessel identities as well as fisheries bycatch. These species are on the list of threatened and threatened species by the international organizations as well as the national institutions and are protected. The bycatch of these threatened fish not only accounts for a larger share of the total catch than the target species, but also the exact statistics are not available and therefore the amount of catch cannot be controlled by fisheries value chain engineering. Also, the boom in world trade and regional trade in the south of the country, as in other parts of the world, has led to illegal and covert actions aimed at exporting and participating in the shark fin trade. In an interview with ISNA, the head of the Qeshm Environmental Conservation Institute stated that the dorsal and caudal fins of these fish are usually exported illegally to Arab countries and from there to Southeast Asian countries, especially Hong Kong, in order to be used in the preparation of expensive food called shark fin soup. Although the routes of this illegal trade and its turnover have not yet been fully explored in the country, the FAO stated in a report in 2015 that shark fins smuggled from Iran to the UAE cost between $ 10 and $ 50 per kilo (depending on the size and quality of the fins). Dried shark and eagle ray fillets are also used for human consumption in the coastal provinces in the south of the country. The shark fillets is also used to prepare foods such as pudini (often with the fillet of small sharks including the grey sharpnose shark, the milk shark, the whitecheek shark, and the hardnose shark) as well as the eagle ray Haleem. According to the latest Red List published by IUCN, half of the sharks are classified as threatened species. Unfortunately, the very important and biologically valuable region of the sea basins in the south of Iran is surrounded by countries, some of which, including Iran, are among the countries with the highest rates of shark (and eagle ray) catch worldwide. According to the official statistics announced by Iran to the FAO, during the years 2015 - 2000, more than 180,000 tons of sharks were caught in the waters in southern Iran. This statistic places Iran among the 26 countries in the world with the largest share of shark (and eagle ray) catch worldwide. This statistic certainly does not include the amount of illegal fishing. Therefore, accurate statistics are not available and our country is no exception to this rule. Optimistically, if this amount represents the total catch, and with the impossibility of imagining that if each shark weighs an average of 100 kg in this statistic, more than one million and 800 thousand sharks have been caught during this period. In this regard, according to row one (category of aquatics and crustaceans), paragraph C of the Law on Hunting and Fishing, taking into account the amount of 30 million Tomans which is the fine set for catching each shark, the total fine will be equal to about 54 trillion Tomans. The fine had to be collected by the government from the fishermen who were responsible for the catch. But this has usually never happened, and the law and the imposition of fines have been ineffective. This is despite the fact that Iran is a member of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals and the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission and each has its own rules and guidelines for managing the capture fisheries and trade of sharks and the eagle rays. However, this issue is not only related to Iran and unfortunately has become a problem all over the world. Finally, executive and managerial solutions can be mentioned in order to reduce the risks and threats to threatened species and remove them from the IUCN Red List. It is also necessary to introduce alternative livelihood solutions for beach dwellers and fishermen in the south of the country. In addition, it is necessary to take a step in this direction by holding educational and extension programs with the aim of empowering local communities and increasing the level of indigenous knowledge based on the environment and sustainable development. With conscious management rather than slogan - based management, all environmental protection regulations and regulations that control and restrict illegal fishing must be fully implemented and monitored. In this regard, with a comprehensive action and participation of government institutions, academic and research centers, NGOs and most importantly local communities, we can emphasize the two main issues of tourism and aquaculture as a suitable alternative for capture fisheries and also the management of fishing techniques by making simple changes in fishing gears.